Light-driven urea oxidation for a wearable artificial kidney
A hematite/NiOOH photoelectrode paired with an AgCl cathode selectively oxidises urea over chloride under LED illumination alone — no external bias required. MS confirms N₂ as the primary nitrogen product with no ammonia or nitrate, and extrapolation suggests 0.5 m² of electrode area could clear a day’s urea load within 24 hours, enabling a viable wearable artificial kidney concept.